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MH

Research

Research directions

Researching practical problems at the intersection of AI, machine learning, medical imaging, and intelligent healthcare systems.

Active

Work in progress, with results either published or under review.

Deep learning for clinical imaging. Evidenced by the structural-MRI dementia classification manuscript under review at Neuroscience Informatics, and by the NeuroVision AI and RetinaVision AI systems.

Focus

  • Medical imaging
  • Biomedical AI
  • Classification
  • Segmentation

Methods

  • Multiple instance learning
  • Transfer learning
  • Patient-level splitting

Graph and transformer architectures applied to biological interaction data. Evidenced by X-GNN, published at IEEE ICECTE 2026, on human protein–protein interaction prediction.

Focus

  • Graph neural networks
  • Protein–protein interaction
  • Ensemble learning

Methods

  • Graph neural networks
  • Transformers
  • Ensemble methods
ActiveFeatured

Explainable AI

Making model decisions inspectable, which is a precondition for clinical use rather than an add-on. Evidenced by Grad-CAM in NeuroVision AI and RetinaVision AI, SHAP in the Parkinson's work, and "Explainable" in the title of the published paper.

Focus

  • Model interpretability
  • Saliency methods
  • Clinical trust

Methods

  • Grad-CAM
  • SHAP

Dataset quality as the object of study rather than a preliminary step. Evidenced by the Data Annotation Analyst role at Rooya AI, the CVAT annotation portfolio, and dataset analysis work at AMIRL.

Focus

  • Dataset quality
  • Annotation workflows
  • Label consistency

Methods

  • Multi-class labeling
  • Annotation quality control

Open questions

Problems I am currently exploring

  1. How can deep learning systems be made transparent enough that a clinician can decide when to trust them?

    • Explainable AI
    • Clinical trust
    • Saliency methods
    Why it matters

    Accuracy is not adoption. A model that cannot show why it reached a conclusion gives a clinician nothing to overrule, so the interesting question is not how to raise a score but how to expose the evidence behind one prediction at a time — and how to make the absence of evidence equally visible.

  2. How can several medical data modalities be combined so that the combination is better justified than any one of them alone?

    • Multimodal learning
    • Data fusion
    • Decision support
    Why it matters

    Imaging, signals and structured records disagree, and a system that averages them hides the disagreement. The question is how to fuse modalities in a way that is auditable — where a reader can still see which modality carried a conclusion, and where an untrained component contributes nothing rather than a plausible number.

  3. How can computer vision models stay reliable on clinical data that does not resemble the set they were trained on?

    • Robustness
    • Domain shift
    • Evaluation design
    Why it matters

    Clinical images arrive in the wrong orientation, at the wrong spacing, from the wrong scanner, and with populations the training set never contained. The question is how much of that gap can be closed by data and evaluation design rather than by a larger model, and how to report honestly when a test split is too small to support a claim.

  4. How can large pretrained foundation models be adapted to specialised healthcare tasks with the data a small lab actually has?

    • Transfer learning
    • Fine tuning
    • Generative AI
    Why it matters

    Foundation models are trained at a scale no individual researcher can reproduce, and medical datasets are small, imbalanced and expensive to label. The question is which adaptation strategies — transfer learning, parameter-efficient fine-tuning, careful supervision — earn their cost at that scale, and which merely look like progress.

Research methods

How I approach research problems

A research workflow that connects real-world problems, evidence, experimentation, modeling, evaluation, interpretation, validation, and reproducibility.

  1. Real-world problem

    Understand the problem before choosing a model

    Problem Formulation

    Translate a real-world problem into a precise research problem, objective, and measurable outcome.

  2. Data & evidence

    Understand what the available evidence can support
  3. Experiment design

    Design the investigation before optimizing the model
  4. Model development

    Develop an appropriate model for the research problem
  5. Efficiency

    Balance predictive performance with computational constraints
  6. Evaluation

    Determine whether the model actually works

    Evaluation trade-offs

    Diagnostic trade-off

    Increasing sensitivity can reduce false negatives, while increasing specificity can reduce false positives. The appropriate operating point depends on the consequences of each error.

  7. Interpretation

    Understand why the model succeeds or fails
  8. Real-world validation

    Determine whether the research survives outside the benchmark

    Real-world case study

    1. Problem
    2. Data
    3. Model
    4. Constraint
    5. Validation
    6. Outcome

    A useful research result should survive realistic constraints rather than only perform well on a benchmark. The case study connects model behavior to the actual environment in which the method is intended to operate.

  9. Deployment & prototyping

    Translate research into a usable system
  10. Reproducibility

    Make the research transparent and repeatable

Research principle

The goal is not to use the most complex model.

It is to build the most appropriate, measurable, interpretable, efficient, and reproducible solution for the question.